Acetonitrile (chemical formula: CH₃CN or C₂H₃N) is an important organic compound and versatile chemical intermediate. It is a colorless, transparent liquid with a distinctive pungent odor. As a highly efficient polar aprotic solvent, acetonitrile exhibits excellent solubility properties, with a dielectric constant of 37.5 (at 20°C). It can dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, inorganic salts, and gases, and forms an infinitely miscible system with alcoholic solvents such as water, methanol, and ethanol.

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Chemical Formula: C₂H₃N

Molecular Weight: 41.052

CAS Number: 75-05-8

EINECS Number: 200-835-2

Melting Point: -45°C

Density: 0.786 g/cm³

Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid

Properties: Colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Relative vapor density: 1.42

Saturated vapor pressure: 13.33 kPa (27°C)

Heat of combustion: -1264.0 kJ/mol

Critical temperature (°C): 274.7

Critical pressure (MPa): 4.83

Heat of fusion: 8.17 kJ/mol

Viscosity: 0.372 mPa·s (15°C)

PRODUCT APPLICATIONS

Chemical Synthesis and Applications

As an important organic solvent, acetonitrile is widely used in the production of synthetic pharmaceuticals, pesticides, synthetic fibers, fragrances, dyes, and other chemicals.

In organic synthesis, acetonitrile can be used as a reaction medium in various chemical reactions, such as halogenation, alkylation, and cross-coupling reactions.

Due to its excellent solubility, acetonitrile is often used in liquid chromatography analysis, particularly as a component of the mobile phase in high-performance liquid chromatography techniques.

Pharmaceutical Industry

In the pharmaceutical industry, acetonitrile is used as an intermediate and solvent in the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, vitamins, and other active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Electronics and Cleaning Industries

Acetonitrile, a strong solvent, is used in the electronics industry during the cleaning process of LCD and other electronic components. Its effective removal of grease, ink, and other contaminants also lends itself to specialty cleaning and surface treatment applications.

Extraction and Purification

Acetonitrile is also used in extraction and purification processes, such as for extracting certain plant compounds and in purification steps during metalworking.

Materials Science

In materials science, acetonitrile is used as a raw material in the synthesis of specialty polymers and plastics, which are widely used in automotive, aerospace, and electronics products.